A growing stream of stranded oil is making its way out of the Strait of Hormuz while empty Iranian vessels rush in, as the US-Iran interim peace deal sparks one of the biggest days of activity since the conflict began.
Four supertankers carrying about 8 million barrels of oil have either emerged outside the strait or are sailing through, including the first Saudi-owned tankers since the start of the war. Qatar sent a cargo of liquefied natural gas through the waterway with its signal on, while another LNG vessel last seen outside the Persian Gulf appeared at a Qatari berth on Thursday morning. Five Iran-linked have also entered the waterway, according to vessel tracking data compiled by Bloomberg.
The coming days will prove a crucial test after Iran committed to facilitate the return of traffic levels through the Strait to prewar levels within 30 days. The near-closure of the waterway sent energy prices spiking early in the conflict, although markets had retreated even before the peace deal as China reduced its imports, US exports surged, and a growing number of tankers began sailing with their signals off.
The journeys could mark the first step of a wider reopening of Hormuz, which if sustained would allow gulf producers to restart output that has been shut since early March. In recent weeks, millions of barrels a day had already been transiting dark prior to the signing of the deal and Thursday’s increase in flows will mean that even more barrels from more than 100 stranded tankers inside the gulf are now gushing to markets.
Speaking privately, one major western tanker owner said they expected their ships to start moving out in the coming days.
However, some parts of the shipping and oil industries remained cautious on Thursday, warning that it’s still not clear how traffic would be managed and when or how any mines in the strait would be cleared. While both sides have said that the waterway would be fully opened without tolls for the 60 days covered in the memorandum of understanding between the US and Iran, Tehran has repeatedly indicated its intention to retain some level of management over the strait.
For now, the exiting traffic is focused on laden ships that had been stranded for months. Once those have cleared, the key question will be whether traders start booking new cargoes, and whether owners are willing to send empty vessels back into the Gulf. The majority of inward journeys on Thursday appeared linked to Iran, and several shipbrokers and owners said that there’s little sign of fresh cargoes being booked for loading yet.
Trade associations warned that their members needed more clarity on mines and other practicalities, a stance that was echoed privately by several shipowners.
Still, the emergence of three Saudi supertankers that had been stuck inside the Persian Gulf since the start of the war suggests a potential shift in traffic.
The vessels, which turned on their signals in the Gulf of Oman on Thursday, are owned by Saudi Arabia’s Bahri, which is notable as it is one of the shippers that took a conservative approach through the war, even as a growing number of more risk-tolerant owners moved tankers through the strait under cover of darkness. Saudi Arabia is usually the world’s biggest crude exporter, and has managed to keep selling significant volumes by rerouting oil via pipeline to the Red Sea.
A fourth supertanker carrying oil from the United Arab Emirates, a ship carrying Qatari liquefied natural gas and a Chinese fuel tanker were also seen crossing the strait with their signals on, while a second LNG tanker appeared off Qatar after last signaling outside the strait.
Several Iranian ships, including two supertankers were making their way into Hormuz with their satellite signals on. Iran’s oil exports have been squeezed in recent weeks by the US blockade of its ports, which Washington agreed to lift as part of the interim peace deal.
The ships that transited Thursday with their signals on followed the northern corridor along Iran’s waters – one of two key routes that has emerged over the course of the conflict, with a number of dark transits in recent weeks having traveled a southern path that hugs the coast of Oman.
“The central part of the Strait is mined and un-navigable, and only the inshore traffic zones close to Oman and Iran are reportedly free of mines,” shipowners trade group Bimco said in a statement on Thursday.
Even though anticipation built up toward the agreement signing in recent days, a number of shipowners have said this week they were seeking clarity on how the reopening would work before deciding whether to sail through.
The Joint Maritime Information Center, which liaises between merchant shipping and the military, earlier this week lowered its threat level for the Strait of Hormuz, and waters either side of it, from severe to substantial. It said at the time that overall risk has decreased due to the deal, which has created a more stable operating environment.
Lloyd’s Market Association, which represents managing agents at Lloyd’s of London, expressed caution in a statement on Thursday, warning that the MoU doesn’t offer shipowners and their insurers the full assurance needed to restore traffic through Hormuz.
“The main requirement for recovery is stability and certainty for shipowners and insurers,” it said. “It will take months for some sort of normality to return to international shipping with vessels in the wrong place and supply chains distorted.”
Intertanko, the top trade group for tanker owners, said that a range of issues still need to be addressed before Hormuz can get back to normal. It also cited mine clearance, as well as the need for a “command-and-control” system to manage traffic.
QatarEnergy and Bahri didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment on its ships.
